Life Cycle Assessment Data
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Table R5 Class 1 Nickel Metal: Primary Extraction Gate-to-Gate Breakdown |
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Per 1 kg of nickel mass (primary extraction product) into refining |
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| Flow | Units | Primary Extraction Process Stage | Plant | Electricity | Energy | Upstream Materials | Transport | |
| Inputs: | (r) Coal (in ground) | kg | 1.1 | 3% | 9% | 89% | 0% | |
| (r) Iron (Fe, ore) | kg | 3.0 E-04 | 6% | 94% | 0% | |||
| (r) Limestone (CaCO3, in ground) | kg | 0.16 | 2% | 1% | 97% | 0% | ||
| (r) Natural Gas (in ground) | kg | 1.2 | 0% | 5% | 95% | 0% | ||
| (r) Nickel, in ground | kg | 1.0 | 0% | 100% | 0% | |||
| (r) Oil (in ground) | kg | 1.9 | 0% | 18% | 82% | 0.3% | ||
| (r) Uranium (U, ore) | kg | 1.1 E-05 | 8% | 2% | 90% | 0% | ||
| Net Water Used | liter | 401 | 71% | 0% | 1% | 27% | 0% | |
| Water: Public Network | liter | 5.5 | 52% | 48% | 0% | |||
| Water: River | liter | 235 | 75% | 25% | 0% | |||
| Water: Sea | liter | 5.7 | 100% | 0.4% | 0% | |||
| Water: Unspecified Origin | liter | 34 | 0% | 15% | 85% | 0.2% | ||
| Water: Well | liter | 121 | 83% | 17% | 0% | |||
| Outputs: | (a) Carbon Dioxide (CO2, fossil) | g | 10557 | 13% | 1% | 1% | 85% | 0.2% |
| (a) Carbon Monoxide (CO) | g | 27 | 13% | 1% | 1% | 85% | 0.1% | |
| (a) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx as NO2) | g | 43 | 15% | 1% | 1% | 82% | 0.5% | |
| (a) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) | g | 1.1 | 17% | 1% | 1% | 81% | 0.1% | |
| (a) Particulates (unspecified) | g | 30 | 7% | 1% | 0% | 92% | 0% | |
| (a) Sulfur Oxides (SOx as SO2) | g | 939 | 17% | 0% | 0% | 83% | 0.1% | |
| (a) Methane (CH4) | g | 17 | 0% | 1% | 8% | 91% | 0.2% | |
| (a) Hydrocarbons (except methane) | g | 11 | 13% | 0% | 2% | 85% | 0.2% | |
| (a) Nickel (Ni) | g | 1.9 | 2% | 0% | 0% | 98% | 0% | |
| (a) Chromium (Cr) | g | 1.3 E-03 | 12% | 3% | 1% | 83% | 0.1% | |
| (a) Arsenic (As) | g | 0.33 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (a) Copper (Cu) | g | 0.47 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (a) Cobalt (Co) | g | 1.7 E-02 | 5% | 0% | 0% | 95% | 0% | |
| (a) Zinc (Zn) | g | 6.9 E-02 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (a) Lead (Pb) | g | 0.21 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (a) Cadmium (Cd) | g | 2.9 E-03 | 63% | 0% | 0% | 37% | 0% | |
| (a) Mercury (Hg) | g | 1.2 E-02 | 6% | 0% | 0% | 94% | 0% | |
| (a) Silver (Ag) | g | 0.37 | 100% | 0% | ||||
| (a) Metals (unspecified) | g | 9.1 E-02 | 2% | 4% | 0% | 94% | 0.1% | |
| (a) Ammonia | g | 1.6 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (a) Chloride (Cl2) | g | 4.7 E-03 | 1% | 0% | 99% | 0% | ||
| (a) Dioxins (unspecified) | g | 2.0 E-07 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |
| (a) VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) | g | 1.8 | 52% | 48% | 0% | |||
| (a) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) | g | 0.41 | 3% | 5% | 2% | 90% | 0% | |
| (a) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) | g | 1.8 E-05 | 100% | 0% | ||||
| (a) Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) | g | 2.6 E-02 | 7% | 3% | 90% | 0% | ||
| (a) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) | g | 1.8 E-02 | 0% | 1% | 16% | 83% | 0.2% | |
| (a) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) | g | 17 | 11% | 89% | 0% | |||
| (w) BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) | g | 1.6 | 73% | 0% | 6% | 21% | 0.1% | |
| (w) COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) | g | 3.4 | 0% | 0% | 23% | 77% | 0.2% | |
| (w) Sulfates (SO4-) | g | 65 | 19% | 0% | 0% | 81% | 0% | |
| (w) Nitrogenous Matter (unspecified, as N) | g | 123 | 1% | 0% | 0% | 99% | 0% | |
| (w) Phosphates (PO4 3-, HPO4--, H2PO4-, H3PO4, as P) | g | 3.6 E-03 | 17% | 0% | 0% | 83% | 0% | |
| (w) TOCs (Total Organic Compounds) | g | 0.15 | 18% | 0% | 0% | 82% | 0% | |
| (w) Arsenic, Total | g | 3.9 E-04 | 27% | 0% | 73% | 0% | ||
| (w) Arsenic, Dissolved | g | 3.1 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Nickel, Total | g | 6.3 E-02 | 21% | 0% | 0% | 79% | 0% | |
| (w) Nickel, Dissolved | g | 1.1 E-02 | 70% | 30% | ||||
| (w) Copper, Total | g | 4.2 E-03 | 3% | 0% | 0% | 97% | 0% | |
| (w) Copper, Dissolved | g | 4.0 E-05 | 18% | 82% | ||||
| (w) Cobalt, Total | g | 6.6 E-03 | 95% | 0% | 5% | 0% | ||
| (w) Cobalt, Dissolved | g | 1.2 E-05 | 100% | |||||
| (w) Zinc, Total | g | 2.8 E-04 | 30% | 0% | 0% | 69% | 0% | |
| (w) Zinc, Dissolved | g | 4.7 E-04 | 18% | 82% | ||||
| (w) Lead, Total | g | 1.9 E-02 | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | |
| (w) Lead, Dissolved | g | 4.8 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Mercury, Total | g | 2.2 E-05 | 14% | 0% | 4% | 82% | 0% | |
| (w) Mercury, Dissolved | g | 1.6 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Silver, Total | g | 1.3 E-05 | 97% | 0% | 3% | 0% | ||
| (w) Silver, Dissolved | g | 6.4 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Cadmium, Total | g | 4.5 E-06 | 82% | 1% | 0% | 17% | 0% | |
| (w) Cadmium, Dissolved | g | 1.5 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Chromium, Total | g | 2.7 E-04 | 53% | 0% | 0% | 47% | 0% | |
| (w) Chromium, Dissolved | g | 4.1 E-05 | 19% | 81% | ||||
| (w) Dioxins | g | 5.4 E-05 | 100% | |||||
| (w) Acids, Total | g | 4.4 E-03 | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | ||
| Solid Materials: Waste Rock and Backfill | kg | 54 | 100% | 0% | ||||
| Solid Materials: Tailings and Other Process Residues | kg | 66 | 15.8% | 0% | 0.1% | 84% | 0% | |
| Solid Materials: Other | kg | 0.7 | 1.5% | 1.3% | 4.4% | 93% | 0% | |
| Energy: | Feedstock Energy | MJ | 33 | -45% | 0% | 51% | 94% | 0.0% |
| Fuel Energy | MJ | 143 | 10% | 2% | 2% | 86% | 0% | |
| Non Renewable Energy | MJ | 165 | 0.8% | 11% | 88% | 0.1% | ||
| Renewable Energy | MJ | 9.5 | 16% | 0.2% | 84% | 0% | ||
| Total Primary Energy | MJ | 177 | 2% | 11% | 87% | 0.1% | ||
| Note: 0% means a value less than 0.1% | ||||||||
| Blank cells mean no value at all. | ||||||||
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