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By Dr. S Alec Watson, Dec 1990. In essence an autocatalytic or electroless nickel solution contains a nickel salt plus reducing agent capable of reducing nickel ions to nickel metal. Hypophosphite ions added as the sodium salt are the most common, it is pointed out, though borohydrides and aminoboranes are also used to a lesser extent; these latter are not considered further in this report. The use of hydrazine as a reducing agent to give pure nickel deposits has been suggested from time to time but the unstable nature of hydrazine has given ride to practical difficulties. Nearly all industrial electroless plating is done with nickel plus hydrophosphite processes that are discussed in the report.

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